SKILL 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS
You know that a sentence in English should have a subject and a
verb. The most common types of problems that you will encounter in the
Structure section of the TOEFL test are related to subjects and verbs; perhaps
the sentence is missing either the subject, or the verb, or both; perhaps the
sentence has an extra subject or verb.
Example I
______was ringing continuously for hours.
(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The phone
(D) The bells
In this example, you should notice immediately that there is a
verb, was ringing, but there is no subject. Answer (C) is the best answer
because it is a singular subject that agrees with the singular verb was
ringing. Answer (A), loudly, and answer (B), in the morning, are not subjects,
so they are not correct. Although answer (D), bells, could be a subject, it is
not correct because bells is plural and it does not agree with the singular
verb was ringing.
Example II
Newspapers _______ every morning and every evening.
(A) delivery
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly
In this example, you should notice immediately that the sentence
has a subject, newspapers, but that there is no verb. Because answer (B), are
delivered, is a verb, it is the best answer. Answers (A), (C), and (D) are not
verbs, so they are not correct.
Example III
The plane __________ landing at the airport in five minutes.
(A) it is
(B) it really is
(C) is descending
(D) will be
This sentence has a subject, plane, and has part of a verb,
landing; to be correct, some form of the verb be is needed to make the verb
complete. Answers (A) and (B) are incorrect because the sentence already has a
subject, plane, and does not need the extra subject it. Answer (C) is incorrect
because descending is an extra part of a verb that is unnecessary because of
landing. Answer (D) is the best answer; will be together with landing is a
complete verb.
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SUBJECTS AND
VERBS
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A sentence in
English must have at least one subject and one verb. The first thing you
should do as you read a sentence in the Structure section of the TOEFL test
is to find the subject and the verb.
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EXERCISE 1: Underline the
subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then
indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
_____ 1. My best friend always helpful with problems.
_____ 2. The bus schedule has
changed since last week.
_____ 3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.
_____ 4. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes.
_____ 5. The professor handed the syllabus to the students.
_____ 6. Each day practiced the piano for hours.
_____ 7. The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop.
_____ 8. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly.
_____ 9. Walking with the children to school.
_____ 10. The whales headed south for the winter.
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